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• Courses are condensed sessions that provide intensive instruction on a particular topic. They are ideal for delving deeply into approaches, methods, policies, or emerging technologies in tropical ecosystems research. Proponents of courses are expected to have substantial expertise in the topic and be able to provide a comprehensive instruction. The recommended duration for courses is 2 hours, and they will be held during the conference. However, longer courses may be scheduled prior to the congress, depending on the proposal and time availability.

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• Workshops are interactive sessions designed to share specific skills, knowledge, or practices among instructors and participants. They are typically hands-on, encouraging active participation and engagement. The format often includes presentations, practical exercises, and group discussions. Workshop organizers ought to prepare the session’s content, materials, and structure, to ensure thating participants obtain the target skills and/or knowledge. Workshops can be disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary¹. It would be desirable that workshops result in tangible products (e.g., papers, protocols, white papers, policy briefs, audiovisual materials) that help advance the conference's theme and challenges on tropical biology and conservation. The recommended duration for workshops is 2 hours, but this can vary depending on the proposal and program availability.

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¹ Multidisciplinarity involves researchers from different fields analyzing a shared study object through their own disciplinary lenses. Interdisciplinarity goes further by integrating various epistemologies, theories, and methods to co-produce knowledge across disciplines. Transdisciplinarity extends beyond academia, involving societal actors to co-produce knowledge aimed at transformative change.

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