In the context of afforestation and ecological restoration efforts in the tropical Global South, the increasing reliance on non-native species and a limited selection of plant species poses significant challenges for biodiversity and ecosystem services. While afforestation initiatives can be considered important for combating deforestation and mitigating climate change if properly monitored and applied in some ecosystems, the use of alien species or a narrow range of species in restoration projects can contribute to biotic homogenization, reducing the diversity of plant and animal life. The ecological uniformity undermines the resilience of ecosystems, diminishes the provision of critical ecosystem services such as pollination, water regulation, and soil fertility, and disrupts local biodiversity and ecosystem connectivity. Moreover, the introduction of alien species often leads to the displacement of native flora and fauna, further exacerbating biodiversity loss. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt a more nuanced and ecologically informed approach to restoration, prioritizing the use of native species and promoting a diverse range of plants suited to the specific ecological context. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper understanding of local ecosystems, long-term monitoring, and the integration of Indigenous Knowledge and scientific research to ensure that restoration efforts contribute to both environmental sustainability and the well-being of local communities. The symposium will conclude with a moderated discussion among the speakers and audience, identifying opportunities for new partnerships and methodologies to enhance the impact of research networks in the tropical Global South.